The Passenger Endorsement Test Has 20 Questions

The passenger endorsement (P endorsement) written test contains 20 multiple-choice questions. You need to answer at least 16 of them correctly to pass — that is a score of 80 percent. The test covers the rules and safety practices specific to driving a bus or van that carries passengers for hire.

This is a shorter test than the general CDL knowledge test, which has 50 questions. Because the passenger endorsement focuses on one specific skill — transporting people safely — the test is narrower in scope. You answer questions about passenger safety, loading procedures, emergency equipment, and how to handle situations that come up when you are responsible for other people in your vehicle.

The test is the same length and passing score in every state. However, the specific questions and the way they are worded may vary slightly depending on your state's testing system. Some states use a computer-based test at a DMV office; others use paper. The format does not change the number of questions or the passing threshold.

Key Takeaways

  • You must answer 16 out of 20 questions correctly on the passenger endorsement test to pass.
  • The test covers passenger safety, emergency procedures, vehicle inspection, and rules specific to transporting people.
  • You take the written test before the road test, and you must pass the written test to schedule the driving portion.
  • Study materials are usually free from your state's DMV website and include the CDL manual and sample tests.

What Topics the Passenger Endorsement Test Covers

The 20 questions on the passenger endorsement test focus on real situations you will face as a bus or van driver. You will see questions about how to load and unload passengers safely, where passengers can and cannot sit, and what to do if someone refuses to follow safety rules.

Other questions cover emergency procedures: how to evacuate the bus in a crash, where emergency exits are located, and how to use emergency equipment. You will also answer questions about vehicle inspection — what to check before you drive, what defects make a bus unsafe, and when you must take a vehicle out of service.

The test also includes questions about passenger conduct and your responsibilities as a driver. For example, you might be asked what to do if a passenger is disruptive, how to handle a medical emergency, or whether you can leave the bus unattended with passengers inside. These questions test whether you understand that passenger safety is your primary job.

How to Study for the 20-Question Test

Your state's DMV publishes a free CDL manual that includes a section on the passenger endorsement. This manual contains the exact topics covered on the test. Read through the passenger section carefully — it is usually 10 to 15 pages — and take notes on anything that seems unfamiliar.

Most states also provide sample test questions on their DMV website. These are not the exact questions you will see, but they follow the same format and cover the same topics. Taking a practice test under timed conditions helps you get used to the pressure and identify weak areas. If you miss several questions about emergency procedures, for example, you know to spend more time on that section of the manual.

Some people study alone using the manual and practice tests. Others take a CDL training course, which includes classroom instruction on passenger safety and often includes practice tests. A course is not required to take the test, but many people find it helpful, especially if they have never driven a bus before.

When You Take the Passenger Endorsement Test

You take the written test before the road test. You must pass the written test first — your state will not schedule you for the driving portion until you have passed the knowledge test. After you pass the written test, you can schedule the road test, which usually happens within a few days or weeks depending on your local DMV's availability.

The written test itself takes about 15 to 30 minutes, depending on how quickly you work through the 20 questions. You can take the test at your local DMV office during regular business hours. Bring your current driver's license, proof of residency, and any other documents your state requires. Check your state's DMV website for the exact list before you go.

What Happens If You Do Not Pass

If you score below 80 percent — meaning you answer fewer than 16 questions correctly — you do not pass. You will be told your score when ready or within a few days, depending on whether you took a computer or paper test. Your state will tell you how many questions you missed and which topics they covered.

You can retake the test. Most states allow you to retake it the same day or within a few days. There is usually a small fee each time you take the test. Use the time between attempts to study the topics where you struggled. If you missed questions about emergency procedures, spend extra time on that section of the manual before you try again.

Passenger Endorsement Test Versus Other CDL Tests

The passenger endorsement test is shorter than the general CDL knowledge test, which has 50 questions and requires a score of 80 percent (40 correct answers). The general test covers all the rules of the road, vehicle inspection, and safe driving practices that explore to any commercial vehicle. The passenger test is focused only on the extra rules and safety practices that explore when you are carrying people.

You may need to pass both tests. If you are getting your first CDL, you take the general knowledge test first. If you already have a CDL and want to add the passenger endorsement, you take only the passenger test. Some people take multiple endorsement tests — for example, the passenger test and the hazmat test — if their job requires them.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I use a calculator or notes during the passenger endorsement test?

No. The test is closed-book and closed-note. You cannot bring study materials, a calculator, or any reference materials into the testing room. You answer the questions from memory based on what you studied. This is why studying the manual and taking practice tests beforehand is so important.

What if I fail the passenger endorsement test twice?

You can retake it as many times as you need. There is no limit on the number of attempts. Each time you take it, you pay a small fee (the amount varies by state). Between attempts, review the topics where you scored lowest and study those sections more carefully before trying again.

Do all 20 questions appear on every passenger endorsement test?

The test always has 20 questions, but the specific questions change. Your state's testing system pulls questions from a larger pool of possible questions, so two people taking the test on different days will not see the exact same 20 questions. However, all questions cover the same topics and follow the same format.

Is the passenger endorsement test harder than the general CDL test?

Not necessarily harder, but different. The general test is longer (50 questions) and covers more ground. The passenger test is shorter but focuses deeply on passenger safety and emergency procedures. Most people find the passenger test manageable if they study the manual and take practice tests beforehand.

How long do I have to answer all 20 questions?

Most states do not impose a strict time limit for the passenger endorsement test. You have as long as you need to read and answer the 20 questions, though the test is designed to take 15 to 30 minutes. If you need extra time due to a disability or language barrier, contact your state's DMV ahead of time to request accommodations.