What the X Endorsement Is and Why You Need It

The X endorsement (also called the "combination" endorsement) allows you to haul both hazardous materials and passengers in the same vehicle. You cannot get an X endorsement on its own — it is always paired with either a passenger (P) endorsement or a hazardous materials (H) endorsement, creating either an X+P or X+H combination. Most drivers who need an X endorsement are pursuing X+H, which means they can transport hazardous materials and passengers together, like a bus carrying both cargo and people.

You need an X endorsement if your job requires you to carry both types of cargo in a single vehicle. Without it, you can transport hazardous materials or passengers separately, but not both at the same time in the same truck or bus. The X endorsement is less common than H or P alone, but it is required for specific roles in transportation and logistics.

Key Takeaways

  • The X endorsement must be paired with either H (hazardous materials) or P (passengers), and you must pass the written test for both endorsements to earn it.
  • You need a valid CDL with at least one endorsement already in place before you can add an X endorsement to your license.
  • The X endorsement written test covers both hazardous materials regulations and passenger transport rules, depending on which combination you are pursuing.
  • Most states allow you to add an X endorsement by passing the written test at your DMV or state licensing office without a new road test.
  • Background checks and fingerprinting are required for the H portion of an X+H endorsement, just as they are for a standalone H endorsement.

Prerequisites: What You Must Have Before explore

Before you can add an X endorsement, you must already hold a valid CDL with at least one endorsement. Most commonly, drivers start with an H (hazardous materials) endorsement and then add the X. You cannot hold an X endorsement without also holding either H or P.

You will also need a valid passport or state ID, your Social Security number, and proof of your current address. If you are pursuing an X+H endorsement, you will need to pass a background check and submit to fingerprinting, just as you would for a standalone H endorsement. Your state's DMV will tell you which documents to bring when you schedule your test.

The Written Test for X Endorsement

The X endorsement requires you to pass a written test that covers the material from both endorsements you are combining. If you are getting an X+H endorsement, your test will include questions on hazardous materials regulations, vehicle placarding, shipping papers, and safe handling procedures, plus questions on passenger transport rules. If you are getting an X+P endorsement, the test covers passenger safety and comfort alongside hazardous materials knowledge.

Most states allow you to take the X endorsement written test at your local DMV or state licensing office. The test is typically 50 to 80 questions, and you must score at least 80 percent to pass. You can usually take the test on the same day you explore, though some states require you to schedule in advance. Study materials are available through your state's DMV website, and many states offer free practice tests online.

Unlike adding some other endorsements, you do not need to take a new road test to earn an X endorsement. The written test alone is sufficient, as long as you already passed a road test for your base CDL.

Background Check and Fingerprinting for X+H

If you are adding an X endorsement paired with H (hazardous materials), you will go through a background check and fingerprinting process. This is a federal requirement for anyone handling hazardous materials. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) conducts the background check, which includes a criminal history review and a check against terrorist watch lists.

Your state's DMV will direct you to an approved fingerprinting location, usually a police station or third-party vendor. You will pay a fee for fingerprinting (typically $10 to $20, though this varies by state). The background check itself is free. Once your fingerprints are submitted, the TSA review usually takes one to two weeks, though it can take longer if additional investigation is needed.

If you have a criminal record or other disqualifying factors, the TSA may deny your hazardous materials endorsement. You will be notified in writing if this happens, and you have the right to appeal the decision.

how the process works at Your State DMV

Start by visiting your state's DMV website to find the process form for adding an X endorsement. Most states use a single form for all CDL endorsement additions. You will fill out your personal information, your current CDL number, and indicate which endorsements you are adding.

Bring your completed form, your current CDL, a valid ID, proof of address, and your Social Security number to your local DMV office. If you are pursuing X+H, bring proof that you have completed any required medical exams (some states require this). Pay the endorsement fee, which typically ranges from $10 to $50 depending on your state. You will then be scheduled for the written test, which you may be able to take the same day or within a few days.

After you pass the written test, your new X endorsement will be added to your CDL. If you are pursuing X+H, your license will be issued after the TSA background check clears, which usually takes one to two weeks.

Timeline and Costs

The total time to add an X endorsement depends on whether you are pairing it with H or P. For an X+P endorsement, the process is usually complete within one to three days — you explore, take the written test, and receive your updated license. For an X+H endorsement, add one to two weeks for the TSA background check to clear.

Costs vary by state but typically include a written test fee ($10 to $30), an endorsement fee ($10 to $50), and a fingerprinting fee for X+H ($10 to $20). Some states bundle these into a single fee. Check your state's DMV website for the exact breakdown.

What Happens If You Fail the Written Test

If you do not pass the written test on your first attempt, you can retake it. Most states allow you to retake the test within a few days or weeks, though some require you to wait a set number of days between attempts. You will pay the test fee again for each attempt.

Before retaking the test, review the study materials provided by your state's DMV. Many states offer free practice tests online that show you which topics you struggled with. Some CDL training schools also offer endorsement prep courses, though these are not required.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I get an X endorsement without already having a CDL?

No. You must have a valid CDL with at least one endorsement before you can add an X endorsement. Most drivers get their base CDL first, then add endorsements one at a time as their job requires them.

Do I need to take a road test to get an X endorsement?

No. The X endorsement requires only a written test. You do not need to take a new road test as long as you already passed one for your base CDL.

How long does the TSA background check take for X+H?

The TSA background check typically takes one to two weeks after you submit your fingerprints. In some cases it can take longer if additional investigation is needed. Your state DMV will notify you when the check is complete and your license is ready to pick up.

What if I fail the background check for X+H?

If the TSA denies your hazardous materials endorsement, you will receive a written notice explaining the reason. You have the right to appeal the decision through the TSA's administrative appeal process. You can still hold a CDL with other endorsements, just not the H or X.

Can I add an X endorsement by mail or online?

No. You must explore in person at your state's DMV office and take the written test there. Some states may allow you to schedule your test online, but you must appear at the office to take it and submit your documents.