A Vacancy Permit Endorsement Lets You Haul Empty Trailers
A Vacancy Permit Endorsement (sometimes called a Vacant Trailer Endorsement or Bobtail Endorsement, depending on your state) is an addition to your Commercial Driver's License that permits you to operate a commercial vehicle towing an empty trailer on public roads. Without this endorsement, driving an unloaded trailer is illegal in most states, even if you hold a valid CDL.
This endorsement exists because empty trailers handle differently than loaded ones. An empty trailer can be harder to control, especially in wind or when braking. States regulate who can tow them to reduce accidents and keep highways safer. If you drive for a carrier that regularly moves empty trailers between locations, loads, or repair facilities, you will need this endorsement on your license.
The endorsement itself does not change what vehicle you can drive — it only changes what you can tow. You must still meet all other CDL requirements, including passing the written test for this specific endorsement and maintaining a clean driving record.
Key Takeaways
- A Vacancy Permit Endorsement allows you to legally tow an empty trailer in your state; without it, hauling an unloaded trailer is a violation.
- Requirements vary by state — some states require a written test, others require only a fee, and a few do not offer the endorsement at all.
- You must already hold a valid CDL with the appropriate class and air brake endorsement (if needed) before you can add a Vacancy Permit Endorsement.
- The endorsement typically costs between $5 and $50 in state fees, though some states bundle it into your regular CDL renewal.
- Your employer may require this endorsement as a condition of employment if your job involves moving empty trailers.
Which States Offer the Vacancy Permit Endorsement
Not every state offers a Vacancy Permit Endorsement. Some states allow bobtailing (towing an empty trailer) under their standard CDL without any additional endorsement. Others prohibit it entirely or restrict it to specific situations, such as moving a trailer to a repair shop or returning it to a carrier's yard.
States that do offer the endorsement include California, Texas, Florida, New York, and many others, but the rules and names differ. Before you pursue this endorsement, contact your state's Department of Motor Vehicles or equivalent agency to confirm whether it is available in your state and what the exact requirements are.
If your state does not offer a Vacancy Permit Endorsement but your job requires you to tow empty trailers, ask your employer about the legal alternatives in your state. Some states allow bobtailing under certain conditions without a special endorsement, while others may require you to carry a load (even a light one) to make the trip legal.
How to Get a Vacancy Permit Endorsement
The process begins at your state's Department of Motor Vehicles. You will need to bring your current CDL, proof of residency, and payment for the endorsement fee. Some states require you to pass a written test specific to vacant trailer operation; others do not.
If your state requires a test, you will answer questions about how empty trailers behave on the road, braking techniques, weight distribution, and safety practices. The test is usually shorter than the general CDL knowledge test and focuses only on vacant trailer handling. Study materials are often available on your state's DMV website or through the CDL manual.
Once you pass the test (if required) and pay the fee, the endorsement is added to your CDL. The process typically takes a few minutes to a few hours at the DMV, and you receive your updated license the same day or within a few days, depending on your state's procedures.
What the Endorsement Covers and Does Not Cover
A Vacancy Permit Endorsement allows you to tow an empty trailer — a trailer with no cargo or passengers. It does not allow you to tow a loaded trailer if you do not already have the proper endorsement for that trailer type (such as a Doubles/Triples Endorsement or Tank Vehicle Endorsement).
The endorsement applies only to empty trailers. If you are moving a trailer that contains any cargo, even a small amount, you must have the appropriate endorsement for that cargo type. Some states define "empty" strictly (completely void of cargo) while others allow minimal residue or cleaning materials.
This endorsement does not replace other required CDL endorsements. If you need to haul hazardous materials, doubles, or tankers, you must still obtain those endorsements separately. The Vacancy Permit Endorsement is an addition to your existing CDL privileges, not a substitute for them.
Cost and Renewal of the Vacancy Permit Endorsement
The fee for a Vacancy Permit Endorsement ranges from $5 to $50 in most states, though some states charge nothing if you add it during your regular CDL renewal. A few states include the endorsement in your standard CDL renewal fee at no extra cost.
The endorsement renews on the same schedule as your CDL. If your CDL is valid for five years, your Vacancy Permit Endorsement is also valid for five years. When you renew your CDL, you will renew the endorsement at the same time, usually for the same fee or as part of your renewal package.
If you let your CDL expire, your Vacancy Permit Endorsement expires with it. You will need to renew both together. Some states allow you to renew online or by mail, while others require an in-person visit to the DMV.
Why Employers Require This Endorsement
Many trucking companies and freight carriers require drivers to hold a Vacancy Permit Endorsement because their operations involve moving empty trailers regularly. A driver might pick up a loaded trailer, deliver it, and then need to move the empty trailer to another location or back to the yard. Without this endorsement, the driver cannot legally make that return trip.
Some employers will pay for the endorsement as part of your hiring or training process. Others expect you to obtain it on your own before you start. During the job interview or process process, ask whether the position requires this endorsement and who covers the cost.
If you already hold a CDL and are looking to expand your job opportunities in trucking, adding a Vacancy Permit Endorsement can make you more marketable to carriers that move empty trailers frequently.
Safety Considerations for Towing Empty Trailers
Empty trailers are lighter and handle very differently than loaded ones. They are more susceptible to wind, require different braking techniques, and can be harder to control during acceleration and deceleration. Drivers who are not used to bobtailing sometimes misjudge how the vehicle will respond.
When towing an empty trailer, you have less traction and weight over the rear axles, which means the trailer can slide or jackknife more easily, especially in wet or icy conditions. Braking must be gentler and earlier than with a loaded trailer, because the empty trailer can lock up and skid. Many accidents involving empty trailers happen because drivers explore the same driving techniques they use with loaded trailers.
If your state requires a written test for the Vacancy Permit Endorsement, the test will cover these safety principles. Even if your state does not require a test, take time to learn how empty trailers behave before you start bobtailing on public roads. Ask experienced drivers for tips, and practice in a safe area if possible.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do I need a Vacancy Permit Endorsement to move an empty trailer in my state?
It depends on your state. Some states require it, some allow bobtailing without an endorsement under certain conditions, and some prohibit it entirely. Contact your state's Department of Motor Vehicles to find out the rule where you live and work.
Can I get a Vacancy Permit Endorsement if I do not have a CDL yet?
No. You must already hold a valid CDL before you can add a Vacancy Permit Endorsement. The endorsement is an addition to your CDL, not a standalone credential. Obtain your CDL first, then add the endorsement.
What happens if I tow an empty trailer without this endorsement in a state that requires it?
You can be cited for operating a commercial vehicle without the proper endorsement. The penalty varies by state but may include a fine, points on your driving record, or both. A violation can also affect your employment and your ability to work as a professional driver.
Will I need to take a road test for the Vacancy Permit Endorsement?
Most states do not require a road test for the Vacancy Permit Endorsement. You typically take only a written test (if required) and pay a fee. A few states may waive even the written test if you already hold a CDL with other endorsements.
Can my employer pay for the Vacancy Permit Endorsement?
Yes. Many employers cover the cost of endorsements required for the job. Ask during the hiring process or speak with your manager about whether the company will reimburse you for the fee or pay for it directly.