What a High Performance Endorsement Is and Why You Might Need It

A High Performance Endorsement (sometimes called an HV or HP endorsement, depending on your state) is an additional credential on your commercial driver's license that certifies you can safely operate heavy vehicles with exceptional handling demands. These are typically vehicles that weigh over a certain threshold — often 7,000 pounds or more — and have features like air brakes, multiple trailers, or specialized steering systems that require extra training and skill.

You need this endorsement if your job involves driving certain types of commercial vehicles. Without it, you cannot legally operate those vehicles for hire, even if you hold a valid CDL. The endorsement proves to employers and law enforcement that you have demonstrated knowledge of the specific challenges these vehicles present.

The requirements and what vehicles fall under "high performance" vary significantly by state. Some states use this term for vehicles with air brake systems; others explore it to vehicles over a specific weight. A few states do not use the term at all and instead fold these requirements into other endorsement categories. You need to check your specific state's CDL handbook to know exactly what applies where you live.

Key Takeaways

  • A High Performance Endorsement certifies you can operate heavy commercial vehicles with advanced braking or steering systems that require specialized training.
  • Requirements differ by state — some focus on air brakes, others on vehicle weight or configuration, so you must check your state's CDL handbook.
  • You typically need to pass a written knowledge test covering the specific systems and handling characteristics of high performance vehicles.
  • Some states require both a written test and a skills test; others require only the written test if you already hold a CDL.
  • The endorsement is added to your existing CDL and does not replace it — you keep all other endorsements you already hold.

Which Vehicles Require a High Performance Endorsement

The vehicles that require this endorsement depend on your state's definition. In many states, any commercial vehicle equipped with an air brake system requires the endorsement. Air brakes work differently from hydraulic brakes — they use compressed air instead of fluid pressure — and they demand different inspection and operation techniques.

Other states define high performance vehicles by weight and configuration. A vehicle that weighs more than 7,000 pounds and is designed to carry cargo or passengers may fall under this category. Some states also include vehicles with multiple trailers or specialized steering systems, such as those used in heavy hauling or tandem operations.

Your state's CDL manual will list the exact vehicles that require the endorsement. If you are unsure whether a specific vehicle you want to drive needs it, contact your state's Department of Motor Vehicles or the licensing office that handles commercial driver credentials. They can tell you definitively whether the vehicle you plan to operate requires the endorsement.

The Written Knowledge Test

To obtain a High Performance Endorsement, you must pass a written knowledge test administered by your state's licensing authority. This test covers the systems, operation, and safety procedures specific to high performance vehicles. The test typically includes questions about air brake operation, vehicle inspection procedures, weight distribution, handling characteristics, and emergency maneuvers.

The number of questions and the passing score vary by state. Most states require you to answer 70 to 80 percent of questions correctly. You can prepare by studying your state's CDL manual, which contains a section dedicated to high performance vehicles and air brake systems. Many states also offer practice tests online or through their DMV website.

You take the written test at your state's DMV or licensing office, usually at the same location where you obtained your original CDL. You do not need to schedule an appointment in most states, though some require one. Bring your current CDL and a valid form of identification.

The Skills Test (If Your State Requires One)

Some states require a skills test in addition to the written test. This test evaluates your ability to actually operate a high performance vehicle safely. It typically includes three components: a pre-trip inspection, a basic control test, and a road test.

The pre-trip inspection requires you to walk around and inspect the vehicle, checking air brake systems, lights, tires, coupling devices, and other critical components. You must demonstrate that you know what to look for and can identify defects. The basic control test happens in a closed course or parking lot and measures your ability to maneuver the vehicle — backing, turning, and parking — with precision.

The road test takes place on public roads and assesses your ability to operate the vehicle safely in real-world conditions. You will be evaluated on acceleration, braking, turning, lane changes, and your response to traffic and road conditions. Not all states require this component for the High Performance Endorsement; some require only the written test if you already hold a valid CDL.

How to Register for the Test

To register for your High Performance Endorsement test, visit your state's Department of Motor Vehicles website or call the office that handles commercial driver licensing. Most states allow you to schedule an appointment online or by phone. A few states operate on a walk-in basis, though wait times can be long.

When you register, you will need your current CDL number, your state identification number, and sometimes your Social Security number. You will also need to specify which endorsement you are seeking. Some states charge a fee for the endorsement test; others include it as part of your CDL renewal or charge a small flat rate. Fees typically range from zero to fifty dollars, depending on your state.

Bring your current CDL, a valid form of identification, and any documents your state requires. If a skills test is part of your state's process, you will also need to arrange access to a high performance vehicle for the test. Some testing facilities provide vehicles; others require you to bring your own or arrange one through a training school.

Preparing for the Test

Start by obtaining your state's CDL manual, which is available free online from your state's DMV website. Read the section on high performance vehicles and air brake systems carefully. These sections explain how air brakes work, how to inspect them, how they differ from hydraulic brakes, and how to handle emergency situations.

Take practice tests if your state offers them. Many states post sample questions online or through their official CDL testing portal. Practice tests help you identify weak areas and build confidence before the actual test. Focus on topics that are unfamiliar to you — if you have never worked with air brakes, spend extra time on that section.

If your state requires a skills test, consider taking a training course from a commercial driving school. These courses teach you the specific techniques for operating high performance vehicles and give you hands-on experience before the test. Some schools offer both classroom instruction and behind-the-wheel training. While not required in most states, training can significantly improve your chances of passing on the first attempt.

What Happens After You Pass

Once you pass the written test — and the skills test, if your state requires one — your state will issue an updated CDL with the High Performance Endorsement added. This usually happens within one to two weeks, though some states issue it when ready at the testing location. Your new license will show the endorsement code (often "HV" or "HP") along with any other endorsements you already hold.

Your original CDL remains valid until its expiration date. The endorsement does not change your renewal schedule or require you to renew more frequently. When your CDL expires, you renew it as you normally would. At that time, you can choose to renew the High Performance Endorsement as well, or let it expire if you no longer need it.

Once you have the endorsement, you are legally permitted to operate high performance vehicles in your state. However, you still must follow all other CDL rules, including hours-of-service regulations, medical certification requirements, and vehicle safety standards. The endorsement certifies your knowledge and skills — it does not exempt you from any other commercial driving regulations.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I need a High Performance Endorsement if I already have other CDL endorsements?

It depends on which endorsements you hold and what vehicle you want to drive. Some endorsements cover overlapping vehicle types. For example, if you hold a Hazmat endorsement, you may already be authorized to drive certain high performance vehicles. Check your state's CDL manual or contact your DMV to confirm whether your existing endorsements cover the vehicle you plan to operate.

Can I take the High Performance Endorsement test without holding a CDL first?

No. You must already hold a valid commercial driver's license before you can add the High Performance Endorsement. If you do not yet have a CDL, you must first pass the general CDL written test and skills test, then add endorsements afterward.

What if I fail the test the first time?

You can retake the test. Most states allow you to retake it within a few days or weeks, though some have waiting periods. You will typically need to pay the test fee again. Use the time between attempts to study the areas where you struggled and, if possible, get additional training or practice.

Does the High Performance Endorsement cost extra when I renew my CDL?

This varies by state. Some states include endorsement renewals in the standard CDL renewal fee; others charge a small additional fee. Check your state's fee schedule on the DMV website or call to confirm the cost before your renewal date.

Can I get this endorsement in one state and use it in another?

Your CDL is valid in all states, and endorsements transfer with it. However, the vehicles that require a High Performance Endorsement may differ between states. A vehicle that requires the endorsement in one state might not in another. When you move or travel to a different state, check that state's CDL requirements to confirm your endorsement covers the vehicles you plan to drive there.