What you need to know about Minnesota driver's licenses

Minnesota issues three types of driver's licenses: a standard license for drivers 18 and older, a Class D license for drivers 16 and 17, and a commercial driver's license (CDL) for those operating heavy vehicles. Most new drivers start with a Class D, which comes with restrictions on when you can drive and who can be in the car with you. Once you turn 18, you can upgrade to a standard license without retesting.

The process takes time. You'll need to pass a written knowledge test, a road test, and provide documents proving your identity and Minnesota residency. The Minnesota Department of Public Safety (DPS) handles all licensing through Driver and Vehicle Services. You cannot complete this process online — you must visit a Driver Services office in person for testing and to receive your license.

Key Takeaways

  • Minnesota requires a written test, a road test, and document verification before you receive any driver's license.
  • Class D licenses for drivers under 18 restrict nighttime driving and passenger limits; these restrictions lift when you turn 18.
  • You must visit a Driver Services office in person to test and pick up your license; appointments are recommended but walk-ins are accepted.
  • Your Minnesota ID or passport serves as proof of identity, and a utility bill or lease counts as proof of residency.
  • Road tests typically take 30 minutes and cost a separate fee from the license itself.

Documents you need before you go to Driver Services

Bring proof of identity and proof of Minnesota residency. For identity, the state accepts a valid passport, a certified birth certificate with a photo ID, or a Minnesota ID card. If you're under 18, a school ID paired with a birth certificate also works. You do not need to bring originals — certified copies are acceptable.

For residency, bring a document dated within the last 30 days showing your name and Minnesota address. A utility bill, lease agreement, mortgage statement, or bank statement all count. If you live with a parent or guardian, their utility bill with your name on it is sufficient. You'll also need your Social Security number, so bring your Social Security card or a document that displays it.

The written knowledge test and what it covers

The written test has 40 multiple-choice questions covering Minnesota traffic laws, road signs, and safe driving practices. You need to answer at least 32 questions correctly to pass. The test is offered in English and several other languages. You can take it on a computer at any Driver Services office — there's no study period required between arrival and testing.

Most people study using the Minnesota Driver's Manual, which is free and available on the DPS website. The manual covers everything the test asks about: speed limits, right-of-way rules, what different signs mean, and how to handle weather and emergency situations. You can read it online or request a printed copy. If you fail, you can retake the test the same day at no additional charge, though you may need to wait a few hours.

Class D restrictions for drivers under 18

If you're between 16 and 17, Minnesota issues a Class D license instead of a standard license. This license comes with three main restrictions. First, you cannot drive between midnight and 5 a.m. unless you're driving to or from work, school, or a medical appointment. Second, you can have only one passenger under 20 years old in the car (family members are exempt). Third, you must wear a seatbelt and may support all passengers do as well.

These restrictions end automatically when you turn 18. You do not need to retake any test or visit Driver Services again — your license straightforward converts to a standard license on your birthday. If you want a new card printed with the updated restrictions removed, you can request one at any Driver Services office, but it's not required to drive legally.

How to schedule and pass your road test

The road test lasts about 30 minutes and takes place in a vehicle you provide. You can use a family member's car, a friend's car, or a rental — the vehicle must be registered, insured, and in safe working condition. The examiner will ask you to perform basic maneuvers: starting the car, turning, backing up, parking, and stopping. They'll also evaluate how you handle traffic, follow signs, and respond to other drivers.

Schedule your road test at a Driver Services office or online through the DPS website. Appointments fill quickly, especially in spring and summer, so book as soon as you're ready. Walk-ins are accepted but waits can be long. Bring your written test pass confirmation, your documents, and your vehicle's registration and proof of insurance. Arrive 10 minutes early. If you fail, you can retake the test, but you'll need to pay the fee again and wait for the next available appointment.

Where to go and what it costs

Minnesota has Driver Services offices in most counties. The main office is in St. Paul, but you can visit any location. Find the office nearest you and its hours on the DPS website. Many offices are open Monday through Friday during business hours, with some offering Saturday appointments. Call ahead or check online before you go, because hours vary by location.

The written test is free. The road test costs money, and the license fee varies depending on your age and how long you want it to last. A Class D license for someone under 18 costs less than a standard license for someone 18 and older. Fees change periodically, so check the DPS website for current amounts. Driver Services accepts cash, check, and card payments.

Upgrading from Class D to a standard license at 18

When you turn 18, your Class D license automatically becomes a standard license. You don't need to visit Driver Services, take another test, or pay a fee. The conversion happens on your birthday, and you can drive without restrictions when ready. Your physical card still shows the old restrictions, but those restrictions are no longer legally binding.

If you want a new card that reflects your standard license status, you can visit any Driver Services office and request a replacement. There is a small fee for a replacement card, but it's optional. Many people keep their Class D card until it expires and straightforward renew it as a standard license at that time.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I take the written test before I'm old enough to drive?

Yes. You can take the written test at 15 years old, even if you can't legally drive yet. This lets you get ahead and schedule your road test closer to your 16th birthday. Some people pass the written test months in advance.

What happens if I fail the road test?

You can retake it as soon as the next available appointment. There's no waiting period between attempts. You'll pay the road test fee again. Most people pass on their second or third try after practicing more.

Do I need a permit before I take the road test?

No. Minnesota does not have a separate permit system. Once you pass the written test, you can schedule your road test. Some states require a permit step; Minnesota does not.

Can I renew my license online?

Renewals can be done by mail or online through the DPS website if your license is not expired and you haven't had violations. New licenses and replacements must be done in person at a Driver Services office.

What if I move to Minnesota from another state?

You can transfer your out-of-state license to a Minnesota license at any Driver Services office. You'll need your current license, proof of residency, and proof of identity. You may not need to retake the written or road test, depending on your age and how long your current license is valid. Ask at the office when you visit.