A Class F license is for driving motorcycles and motorized bicycles in most U.S. states

A Class F license is a motorcycle endorsement or separate license category that permits you to operate a motorcycle on public roads. The exact rules—what vehicles it covers, what age you must be, and whether you need a separate test—vary by state. In some states, Class F is the only motorcycle license available. In others, it is one option among several motorcycle classes, each with different engine size or power limits.

If you currently hold a regular driver's license (usually Class D or similar) and want to ride a motorcycle, you typically need to add a motorcycle endorsement to that license or obtain a separate Class F license, depending on your state's system. Some states call it Class M instead of Class F. The core requirement is the same: you must pass a written test on motorcycle safety and traffic laws, and a riding skills test on an actual motorcycle.

Key Takeaways

  • A Class F license or endorsement allows you to legally operate a motorcycle on public roads in states that use this classification.
  • You must pass both a written knowledge test and a hands-on riding skills test, usually administered by your state's Department of Motor Vehicles.
  • Age requirements for a Class F license vary by state, but most require you to be at least 16 or 18 years old.
  • Some states offer a Class F license for smaller motorcycles or motorized bicycles with lower engine displacement, while others have a single motorcycle class.
  • You may be able to waive the riding test if you complete an approved motorcycle safety course in your state.

Age and permit requirements for Class F

The minimum age to obtain a Class F license depends on your state. Most states allow riders as young as 16 to get a motorcycle license, though some require you to be 18. A few states have a graduated system: you can get a motorcycle permit (also called a learner's permit) at a younger age—sometimes 14 or 15—and then upgrade to a full Class F license after holding the permit for a set period and reaching a higher age.

If your state uses a permit system, you will typically need to pass the written test first to get the permit. The permit lets you ride under certain restrictions—often daylight hours only, no passengers, or only on certain roads. After you have held the permit for the required time (usually 6 months to a year) and reached the minimum age for a full license, you can take the riding test and receive your Class F license.

Written test and riding test for Class F

To obtain a Class F license, you must pass a written test covering motorcycle-specific traffic laws, safety practices, and hazard recognition. The test is usually 25 to 50 questions, and you need to score around 80 percent to pass. You can study using your state's motorcycle handbook, which is free and available online or at your local DMV office. The handbook covers topics like proper braking, turning, lane positioning, and how to handle road hazards on a motorcycle.

After passing the written test, you must demonstrate your riding skills on an actual motorcycle. This test is conducted by a DMV examiner or an approved testing facility and usually lasts 10 to 20 minutes. You will be asked to perform basic maneuvers such as starting and stopping, turning, swerving, and riding in a straight line. The examiner watches for control, awareness, and safe decision-making. If you fail the riding test, you can usually retake it after a waiting period of a few days to a week.

Motorcycle safety course as an alternative to the riding test

Many states allow you to skip the DMV riding test if you complete an approved motorcycle safety course. These courses are typically offered by organizations like the Motorcycle Safety Foundation (MSF) or state-run programs, and they teach both classroom and hands-on riding skills. A course usually takes one or two days and costs between $150 and $300, depending on your state and the provider.

If you pass the safety course, you receive a certificate that you can bring to the DMV in place of the riding test. This route appeals to riders who are nervous about the DMV test or who want professional instruction before riding on their own. Some insurance companies also offer discounts on motorcycle premiums if you have completed an approved safety course, which can offset the course cost over time.

What vehicles a Class F license covers

A Class F license typically covers any motorcycle, including street bikes, cruisers, sport bikes, and touring motorcycles. In states that distinguish between Class F and other motorcycle classes, Class F often refers to full-size motorcycles with no engine displacement limit. Some states have a separate class for smaller motorcycles or motorized bicycles (sometimes called mopeds or scooters) with engines under 50cc; these may require only a written test and no riding test, or they may fall under a different license category altogether.

Check your state's DMV website to confirm what vehicles your Class F license covers. If you plan to ride a scooter or motorized bicycle, verify whether it requires a Class F license or a different endorsement. Engine size, fuel type, and whether the vehicle has pedals can all affect which license you need.

Class F license costs and renewal

The cost of a Class F license varies by state. Most states charge between $20 and $100 for the license itself, plus the cost of the written test (usually free or $5 to $10) and the riding test (usually $10 to $50). If you take a safety course instead of the riding test, add the course fee, which ranges from $150 to $300. Some states waive the riding test fee if you have completed an approved course.

A Class F license is typically valid for four to eight years, depending on your state. When it expires, you renew it at your local DMV. Renewal usually requires paying a fee and passing a new written test, though some states allow online renewal without retesting. If your license has been expired for more than a year or two, your state may require you to retake both the written and riding tests rather than straightforward renewing.

Insurance requirements with a Class F license

Once you have a Class F license, you are legally permitted to ride a motorcycle. However, you must also carry motorcycle insurance to ride on public roads in every state. Motorcycle insurance is separate from car insurance and covers liability (damage you cause to others), collision, and comprehensive coverage (theft, weather, vandalism). Liability coverage is required by law; collision and comprehensive are optional but strongly recommended.

Motorcycle insurance premiums depend on your age, riding experience, the motorcycle's make and model, your location, and your driving record. Younger riders and those with recent traffic violations pay higher premiums. Completing a motorcycle safety course can lower your premium by 5 to 15 percent with many insurers. Before you buy a motorcycle, get insurance quotes to understand the true cost of ownership.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I get a Class F license if I have a suspended driver's license?

This depends on your state and the reason for the suspension. Some states treat a motorcycle license as separate from a car license, so a suspended car license does not automatically suspend your motorcycle license. However, if your suspension is for a serious offense like a DUI or reckless driving, your state may suspend all driving privileges, including motorcycles. Contact your state DMV to confirm your specific situation.

Do I need a Class F license to ride a motorized bicycle or scooter?

It depends on the vehicle's engine size and your state's rules. Motorized bicycles and scooters with engines under 50cc often do not require a Class F license in many states; they may require a separate moped endorsement or no license at all. Larger scooters and all motorcycles require a Class F license. Check your state's DMV website or call them to confirm what your specific vehicle needs.

What happens if I ride without a Class F license?

Riding a motorcycle without the proper license is illegal and can result in a fine, points on your driving record, and vehicle impoundment. The penalties vary by state but typically range from $100 to $500 or more. A conviction can also affect your car insurance rates and your ability to obtain other licenses or permits in the future.

Can I add a Class F endorsement to my existing driver's license instead of getting a separate license?

Yes, in most states. Many states allow you to add a motorcycle endorsement (often marked as an "M" or "F" restriction code) to your current driver's license rather than obtaining a completely separate license. The process and cost are usually the same—you pass the written and riding tests and pay a fee. Ask your DMV whether you can add an endorsement or whether you must obtain a separate Class F license.

How long does it take to get a Class F license?

If you already have a valid driver's license, you can pass the written test and riding test on the same day at many DMV offices, receiving your Class F license within a few days. If you need a motorcycle permit first, the timeline is longer—usually 6 months to a year before you are may be able to access for the full license. If you take a safety course, add one or two days for the course itself.