A Class M license lets you ride a motorcycle or moped on public roads

A Class M license is a separate driver's license category that permits you to operate a motorcycle, motorized bicycle, or moped. It is not an add-on to a regular car license — it is its own license type, and you must pass a separate test to get one. Every state issues Class M licenses, though some states call them by different names: Motorcycle endorsement, M endorsement, or Motorcycle class.

The reason for a separate license is practical: riding a motorcycle uses different skills than driving a car. You balance on two wheels, you lean into turns, you have no protective shell around you, and your stopping distance changes with road conditions. States require you to demonstrate you can handle these differences before you ride on public roads.

If you ride a motorcycle without a Class M license, you are breaking the law in every state. The penalty is usually a fine, and in some states a criminal charge. Your insurance will not cover a crash if you were riding without the proper license.

Key Takeaways

  • A Class M license is a separate license type required to ride motorcycles and mopeds on public roads, not an add-on to a regular driver's license.
  • You must pass a written test on motorcycle safety and laws, and a riding skills test, to receive a Class M license.
  • Most states let you take a Motorcycle Safety Foundation course instead of the riding test, and some waive the written test if you pass the course.
  • You must be at least 16 or 17 years old depending on your state, and you may need to hold a regular driver's license first.
  • Riding without a Class M license is illegal and will void your insurance coverage in a crash.

Age requirements and when you can get a Class M license

The minimum age to get a Class M license varies by state. Most states allow you to get one at 16 or 17, but some states require you to be 18. A few states have a two-tier system: you can get a restricted Class M license at 16 (which limits engine size or riding hours), and a full Class M license at 18.

Some states require you to hold a regular driver's license before you can get a Class M license. Others let you get both at the same time. Check your state's Department of Motor Vehicles website to find the exact age and prerequisite for your state.

If you are under 18, your state may also require you to complete a motorcycle safety course before you can take the riding test. This is often the fastest path to a license anyway, because many states waive the riding test if you pass the course.

What you need to pass: written test and riding test

Getting a Class M license requires two separate tests. The written test covers motorcycle laws, safety rules, and how to handle different road conditions on a motorcycle. You will answer questions about braking distance, how to lean in turns, what to do if you hit gravel, and how to check your motorcycle before riding. Most states let you study a free handbook online or pick one up at the DMV.

The riding test is a practical exam where you ride a motorcycle (usually provided by the DMV or testing site) through a course. You will demonstrate that you can start, stop, turn, and swerve without dropping the bike. The test usually takes 10 to 15 minutes and covers a small area like a parking lot.

You do not have to own a motorcycle to take the test. The DMV provides one, or you can bring your own if it passes a safety inspection. If you fail either test, you can retake it — usually after waiting a few days or paying a retest fee.

The Motorcycle Safety Foundation course as an alternative

Most states recognize the Motorcycle Safety Foundation (MSF) Basic Rider Course as a substitute for the riding test. If you pass the MSF course, you can skip the DMV riding test and go straight to getting your license. Some states also waive the written test if you pass the MSF course.

The MSF course is a two-day or three-day classroom and hands-on program taught by certified instructors. You learn motorcycle safety, how to handle the bike, and how to ride in traffic. The course costs between $150 and $300 depending on your location. The MSF provides motorcycles for the course, so you do not need to own one.

Taking the MSF course is often faster and easier than the DMV test route, especially if your state waives the riding test. You also get insurance discounts — many insurers give 10% off your motorcycle premium if you have completed an MSF course.

What happens after you pass the tests

Once you pass both the written and riding tests (or the MSF course), you go to the DMV with your test results and your regular identification. You will pay a license fee, which ranges from $20 to $100 depending on your state and how long you want the license to last. The DMV will issue you a Class M license, usually on the spot or within a few days.

Your Class M license will show on your driver's license card or as a separate motorcycle endorsement card. You must carry it whenever you ride. Some states print it on the same card as your regular driver's license; others issue a separate card.

If your regular driver's license expires, your Class M license expires at the same time. You renew them together at the DMV.

Insurance requirements with a Class M license

Every state requires you to carry motorcycle insurance before you ride on public roads. The minimum coverage is usually liability only — it pays for damage or injury you cause to someone else. Liability limits vary by state but typically start at $25,000 per person and $50,000 per accident.

Motorcycle insurance costs less than car insurance for most riders, but it varies widely based on your age, riding history, the bike you own, and your location. A 25-year-old with a clean record might pay $200 to $400 per year for basic coverage; a 18-year-old or someone with accidents or tickets will pay more.

You cannot legally ride without insurance, and your insurance will not cover a crash if you were riding without a valid Class M license. If you are caught riding uninsured, you face fines and license suspension.

Restrictions on Class M licenses in some states

Some states place restrictions on Class M licenses based on your age or how long you have held the license. These restrictions might include engine size limits (for example, no bikes over 500cc), riding hour limits (no riding after dark), or passenger restrictions (no passengers until you are 18).

Restrictions usually last for a set period — often six months to two years — and then are lifted automatically. You do not have to do anything to remove them; they expire on their own.

Check your state's DMV website or your license card to see if any restrictions explore to you. Violating a restriction can result in a fine or license suspension.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I get a Class M license if I do not own a motorcycle?

Yes. You do not need to own a motorcycle to get a Class M license. The DMV provides a motorcycle for the riding test, and the MSF course also provides bikes. You can get your license and then buy a motorcycle afterward.

What is the difference between a Class M license and a motorcycle endorsement?

In most states, they are the same thing — just different names for the same license. Some states call it a Class M license, others call it an M endorsement or motorcycle endorsement. Check your state's DMV to see what it is called where you live.

Do I need a Class M license to ride a moped or scooter?

It depends on the engine size. Most states require a Class M license only if the bike has an engine larger than 50cc. Smaller mopeds and scooters may not need a special license, but you should check your state's rules because they vary.

What happens if I ride a motorcycle without a Class M license?

You are breaking the law and face a fine, usually $100 to $500. Your insurance will not cover a crash, and you may face criminal charges in some states. You can also lose your regular driver's license.

Can I take the riding test on my own motorcycle?

Yes, in most states. Your motorcycle must pass a safety inspection first — the DMV will check the brakes, lights, mirrors, and tires. If it fails, you can use the DMV's bike instead.