The Maryland driver's license process has four main steps: pass the written test, pass the road test, gather your documents, and visit an MVA office
Maryland issues driver's licenses through the Motor Vehicle Administration (MVA). You will need to pass a knowledge test first, then a driving test, then bring your documents to an MVA office to complete the transaction. The whole process typically takes a few weeks from start to finish, though the road test wait can vary by location and season.
You do not have to take a driver education course to get a license in Maryland, but you must be at least 16 years old. If you are under 18, you will need a parent or guardian to sign your process. The written test covers road signs, right-of-way rules, and safe driving practices specific to Maryland law.
Key Takeaways
- You must pass the written knowledge test before you can schedule a road test, and you can take the written test at any MVA office without an appointment.
- The road test is scheduled separately and tests your ability to operate a vehicle safely; you must bring a vehicle and a licensed adult to the test.
- Your documents must include proof of identity, proof of Maryland residency, and your Social Security number or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number.
- You can schedule both tests online through the MVA website or by phone, and walk-in testing is available at some locations but wait times are longer.
What documents you need to bring to the MVA office
Maryland requires specific documents to prove who you are, where you live, and your legal status. Bring originals or certified copies — photocopies alone will not work. You will also need to bring the documents you used to pass your written test, as the MVA will verify them again at your final appointment.
For proof of identity, bring a valid passport, a certified birth certificate, a school ID with a photo, or a state ID from another state. For proof of Maryland residency, bring a utility bill, a lease or mortgage statement, a bank statement, or a government letter addressed to you at your Maryland address. The document must show your current address and be dated within the last 60 days.
You will also need to provide your Social Security number or, if you do not have one, your Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN). If you cannot provide either, you will need to bring a letter from the Social Security Administration or the IRS stating that you are not may be able to access for a number.
Taking the written knowledge test
The written test covers Maryland traffic laws, road signs, and safe driving practices. You will answer 25 multiple-choice questions, and you need to score at least 16 correct (64 percent) to pass. The test is offered in English and several other languages; ask at the MVA office which languages are available at your location.
You can take the written test at any MVA office during business hours. No appointment is required, though you may wait in line. Bring your proof of identity and proof of residency with you. The test takes about 15 to 20 minutes, and you will know your score when ready. If you fail, you can retake it the same day or come back another day at no extra cost.
Some MVA offices offer the test on a computer, while others use paper. Both versions cover the same material. Study materials are available free on the MVA website, including a practice test that mimics the real exam.
Scheduling and taking the road test
After you pass the written test, you can schedule your road test. You can book online through the MVA website, by phone at 410-768-7000, or in person at an MVA office. Road test appointments fill up quickly, especially in spring and summer, so schedule as soon as you pass the written test.
On the day of your road test, bring a vehicle that is registered, insured, and in safe working condition. The vehicle must have valid license plates and working brakes, lights, wipers, and horn. Bring a licensed adult (at least 21 years old) who can sit in the passenger seat. This person does not have to be a parent or guardian, but they must have a valid driver's license.
The road test lasts about 20 to 30 minutes. The examiner will ask you to perform basic maneuvers such as starting the car, turning, stopping, backing up, and parking. You will also drive on local roads. The examiner is looking for safe driving habits, proper use of signals and mirrors, and knowledge of traffic laws. If you fail, you can retake the test, though you will need to schedule another appointment and may wait several weeks for an opening.
Completing your process at the MVA office
Once you have passed both tests, make an appointment at an MVA office to complete your process and receive your license. You can book online, by phone, or in person. Bring all your documents: proof of identity, proof of residency, your Social Security number or ITIN, and the paperwork from your written and road tests.
At the appointment, an MVA staff member will review your documents, take your photo, and collect your signature. You will also pay the license fee. A standard five-year driver's license costs $70 as of 2024, though this fee may change. If you are under 21, your license will have a different color and format to indicate your age.
Your license will be mailed to you within 7 to 10 business days. You will receive a temporary paper license at the office that you can use to drive while you wait for your permanent license to arrive.
If you are under 18: the Graduated Licensing System
Maryland has a Graduated Licensing System (GLS) for drivers under 18. This system restricts when and how young drivers can use their licenses. You start with a Learner's Permit, then move to a Provisional License, and finally to a full license at age 18.
A Learner's Permit allows you to drive only with a licensed adult (21 or older) in the front passenger seat. You must hold the permit for at least six months before you can take your road test. A Provisional License, issued after you pass your road test, allows you to drive alone during the day but restricts nighttime driving and passenger limits. At age 18, you can convert to a full license with no restrictions.
The restrictions exist to reduce crash risk among young drivers. If you violate the restrictions or receive a traffic citation while on a Provisional License, your license may be suspended or revoked.
Renewing or replacing your license
Maryland driver's licenses are valid for five years. You can renew online through the MVA website if your license is not suspended or revoked and you have not changed your name or address. Online renewal costs $70 and takes about two weeks.
If you lose your license or it is stolen, you can request a replacement at any MVA office or online. A replacement license costs $10. If your address changes, you must update it within 60 days by visiting an MVA office or updating online.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I take the written test online from home?
No. Maryland requires you to take the written test in person at an MVA office. This allows the MVA to verify your identity before you take the test. However, you can study online using the free practice test on the MVA website before you go to the office.
What happens if I fail the road test?
You can retake the road test as many times as you need. There is no fee to retake it, but you must schedule a new appointment. Wait times for road test appointments vary by location and season, so you may wait several weeks before your next opening.
Do I need to take driver education classes?
No. Driver education is not required in Maryland to get a license. However, some insurance companies offer discounts if you complete an approved driver education course, so it may be worth asking your insurance agent.
What if I move out of Maryland after I get my license?
Your Maryland license remains valid until it expires. You do not have to exchange it for a license in your new state when ready, but most states require you to get a local license within 30 to 60 days of moving. Check your new state's requirements.
Can I get a Real ID-compliant license in Maryland?
Yes. A Real ID is a federal standard that allows you to use your driver's license for air travel and entry to federal buildings. Maryland issues Real ID licenses by default. You will need to bring additional documents to prove your identity and residency, such as a passport or certified birth certificate, but the process is the same as getting a regular license.