The Quebec licensing system has three stages, and you move through them by passing tests
Quebec's driver's license system works in three distinct stages: the learner's permit (permis d'apprenti-conducteur), the probationary license (permis de conduire probatoire), and the regular license (permis de conduire régulier). You cannot skip stages or take shortcuts. Each stage requires you to pass a test, follow specific rules about who can supervise you, and wait a minimum amount of time before moving forward. The entire process typically takes between 12 and 24 months, depending on how quickly you pass each test.
The Société de l'assurance automobile du Québec (SAAQ) administers all three stages. You will deal with SAAQ directly for written tests and road tests, and you will need to visit an SAAQ office in person to submit documents and receive your license card.
Key Takeaways
- You must pass a written test to get a learner's permit, hold it for a minimum of 12 months, then pass a road test to move to the probationary stage.
- During the learner stage, you can only drive with a licensed supervisor age 25 or older in the front passenger seat, and you cannot drive on highways or between midnight and 5 a.m.
- The probationary license lasts 24 months and comes with its own restrictions: no passengers under 20 (except family), no driving between midnight and 5 a.m., and a zero alcohol limit.
- You need a birth certificate, proof of residency, and a valid form of ID to register for your learner's permit at an SAAQ office.
- The road test is conducted by SAAQ examiners and tests your ability to drive safely in real traffic; you must provide your own vehicle.
Stage 1: Getting your learner's permit (permis d'apprenti-conducteur)
To begin, you must visit an SAAQ office in person and pass a written test. The written test covers road signs, traffic laws, and safe driving practices specific to Quebec. You can study using the official SAAQ study guide, which is available online and in print. The test is offered in multiple languages and takes about 45 minutes. You must score at least 75% to pass.
Before you go to the SAAQ office, gather these documents: a valid form of ID (passport, birth certificate, or Quebec ID card), proof of residency (utility bill, lease, or mortgage statement dated within the last three months), and your Social Insurance Number. If you are under 18, you will also need written consent from a parent or guardian.
Once you pass the written test, you receive your learner's permit when ready. The permit is valid for three years. During this stage, you must follow strict rules: you can only drive with a licensed supervisor age 25 or older sitting in the front passenger seat, you cannot drive on highways, and you cannot drive between midnight and 5 a.m. You must also display an "L" plate on the front and back of the vehicle.
You must hold your learner's permit for a minimum of 12 months before you can take the road test. This waiting period is mandatory and cannot be shortened.
Stage 2: Passing the road test and getting your probationary license
After 12 months with your learner's permit, you can book a road test through SAAQ. The road test is conducted by an SAAQ examiner and lasts approximately 45 minutes. The test takes place in real traffic and evaluates your ability to start and stop the vehicle, turn, change lanes, park, and respond to traffic situations safely. You must provide your own vehicle for the test, and it must be in safe working condition with valid insurance.
When you book your road test, you will receive a confirmation letter with the date, time, and location. Arrive 15 minutes early. Bring your learner's permit, a valid form of ID, and proof of insurance for the vehicle you are using. If you fail the test, you can retake it, but you must wait at least two weeks before booking again.
If you pass the road test, you receive your probationary license (permis probatoire). This license is valid for 24 months and comes with its own set of restrictions. You cannot carry passengers under age 20 (except when ready family members), you cannot drive between midnight and 5 a.m., and you have a zero alcohol limit — meaning you cannot drive with any detectable amount of alcohol in your system. You must also display a "P" plate on your vehicle.
Stage 3: Obtaining your regular license after the probationary period
After 24 months on your probationary license, you automatically receive your regular license (permis régulier) in the mail. There is no additional test or process required. Your regular license is valid for five years and comes with no special restrictions beyond the standard traffic laws that explore to all drivers in Quebec.
If you receive a traffic ticket or are involved in an accident during your probationary period, your probationary status may be extended or your license may be suspended. SAAQ will notify you if this happens.
Documents you need at each stage
| Stage | Documents Required |
|---|---|
| Learner's Permit process | Valid ID (passport, birth certificate, or Quebec ID card); proof of residency (dated within 3 months); Social Insurance Number; parental consent if under 18 |
| Road Test Booking | Learner's permit; valid ID; proof of insurance for the test vehicle |
| Probationary License | Issued automatically after passing road test; no additional documents needed |
| Regular License | Issued automatically after 24-month probationary period; no additional documents needed |
How to book your road test and what to expect
You can book your road test online through the SAAQ website, by phone, or in person at an SAAQ office. Online booking is the fastest option. You will need your learner's permit number and a valid email address. The SAAQ website shows available dates and times at testing centers near you.
Road tests are conducted at SAAQ testing centers throughout Quebec. Depending on where you live, you may need to travel to the nearest center. The examiner will ask you to perform specific driving tasks and will observe how you handle normal traffic situations. Common test elements include parallel parking, three-point turns, lane changes, and responses to traffic signals and pedestrians. The examiner is looking for safe driving habits, not perfect technique.
If you fail your road test, you will receive written feedback explaining what you need to improve. You can retake the test after a two-week waiting period. Most people pass on their second or third attempt.
Rules and restrictions during each stage
Learner's Permit (12 months minimum): You must have a licensed supervisor age 25 or older in the front passenger seat at all times. You cannot drive on highways (autoroutes). You cannot drive between midnight and 5 a.m. You must display an "L" plate. You cannot tow a trailer.
Probationary License (24 months): You can drive alone, but you cannot carry passengers under age 20 except when ready family members. You cannot drive between midnight and 5 a.m. You have a zero alcohol limit. You must display a "P" plate. You cannot tow a trailer. Speeding violations and other infractions may extend your probationary period.
Regular License (5 years): No special restrictions. You are subject to the same traffic laws as all other drivers in Quebec. Your license is valid for five years and can be renewed by mail or online.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I take my road test before 12 months if I have my learner's permit?
No. The 12-month minimum holding period for your learner's permit is mandatory in Quebec and cannot be waived or shortened. You must wait the full 12 months before you are allowed to book a road test.
What happens if I fail my road test?
You will receive written feedback explaining what you need to improve. You must wait at least two weeks before booking another test. There is no limit to how many times you can retake the test, but you will pay the test fee each time.
Can someone under 25 supervise me during the learner stage?
No. Your supervisor must be at least 25 years old and hold a valid driver's license. They must sit in the front passenger seat at all times while you are driving.
What is the difference between the "P" plate and the "L" plate?
The "L" plate (for learner) is displayed during the learner's permit stage. The "P" plate (for probationary) is displayed during the 24-month probationary stage. These plates alert other drivers that you are a new driver with restrictions. After your probationary period ends, you do not need to display any plate.
Can I drive on highways with my learner's permit?
No. Highway driving is not permitted during the learner stage. Once you pass your road test and receive your probationary license, you can drive on highways, but you must still follow all other probationary restrictions, including the midnight to 5 a.m. driving ban and zero alcohol limit.