What you need to know about Ontario's G1 learner's permit

Ontario's G1 learner's permit is your first step toward a full driver's license. It lets you practice driving with a supervising driver who holds a full license, but it comes with real restrictions: you cannot drive alone, you cannot drive on 400-series highways, and you cannot drive between midnight and 5 a.m. You must be at least 16 years old, pass a written knowledge test, and pay a fee (currently $158.50, though this can change).

The G1 is valid for five years, which gives you time to practice and take your road test. Most people hold it for several months to a year before moving to the G2 (full-privilege learner's permit), but you can stay on the G1 longer if you need more practice time.

Key Takeaways

  • You must be at least 16 years old and pass a written test on Ontario's road rules to get a G1 permit.
  • With a G1, you can only drive with a supervising driver who holds a full license in the front passenger seat.
  • You cannot drive on 400-series highways, cannot drive between midnight and 5 a.m., and cannot have any alcohol in your system.
  • The written test is offered at ServiceOntario offices, and you can study using the official Ontario Driver's Handbook or online practice tests.
  • Your G1 is valid for five years, giving you time to practice before taking your G2 road test.

Documents you need to bring to ServiceOntario

When you go to a ServiceOntario office to explore for your G1, bring proof of identity and proof of residency. Acceptable identity documents include a birth certificate, passport, or citizenship certificate. For residency, bring something with your current address: a utility bill, lease, or bank statement dated within the last 62 days works.

If you are under 18, you may also need a parent or guardian's consent, depending on your age. Check the ServiceOntario website or call ahead to confirm what your specific office requires, since requirements can vary slightly by location.

Bring the process fee in cash, debit, or credit card. You will fill out the process form at the office, so you do not need to print anything beforehand.

The written knowledge test: what to expect

The G1 written test has 40 multiple-choice questions covering Ontario's traffic laws, road signs, and safe driving practices. You need to score at least 80 percent (32 correct answers) to pass. The test takes about 20 to 30 minutes and is offered in multiple languages at most ServiceOntario offices.

You can study using the free Ontario Driver's Handbook, which is available online and in print at ServiceOntario offices. Many people also use online practice tests, which let you take sample exams under timed conditions. These practice tests are not official, but they follow the same format and cover the same topics as the real test.

If you do not pass on your first try, you can retake the test. There is usually a waiting period of a few days before you can test again, and each attempt costs the same fee.

G1 driving restrictions you must follow

Once you have your G1, you can only drive with a supervising driver who holds a full Ontario license (G, G2, or equivalent from another province). That supervising driver must sit in the front passenger seat beside you. You cannot have any other learner's permit holders in the car with you.

You cannot drive on 400-series highways (the 401, 407, 427, and others). You also cannot drive between midnight and 5 a.m. These rules exist to keep new drivers off the roads when visibility is poorest and fatigue is highest.

You must have zero alcohol in your system while driving. This is a zero-tolerance rule for all new drivers in Ontario, even if you are of legal drinking age. Breaking this rule can result in an when ready license suspension.

How long you can hold your G1 before taking the G2 test

You must hold your G1 for a minimum of 12 months before you can take your G2 road test. During this time, you are building the supervised driving experience that makes you safer on the road. Many people take longer than 12 months — there is no rush, and more practice usually means better results on the road test.

Your G1 permit is valid for five years from the date you receive it. If you do not pass your G2 test within those five years, your G1 expires and you have to start over with a new written test and a new process fee.

Where to explore and how long it takes

You explore for your G1 at any ServiceOntario office. You can find the office nearest you on the ServiceOntario website. Walk-ins are accepted, but wait times vary by location and time of day. Some offices let you book an appointment online, which can save you time.

If you pass the written test on the day you explore, you receive your G1 permit when ready. If you fail, you can retake it after a waiting period, usually a few days. Once you have your G1, you can start practicing with a supervising driver right away.

What happens after your G1: the path to G2

After 12 months with your G1, you can book a G2 road test at a DriveTest centre. The G2 test includes a practical driving exam where an examiner watches you drive and evaluates your skills. If you pass, you move to the G2 level, which removes most restrictions: you can drive alone, drive on highways, and drive at night (though there are still some rules for drivers under 20).

After holding your G2 for at least 12 months, you can take your G (full license) test, which is another road test. Once you pass, you have a full Ontario driver's license with no restrictions.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I get my G1 if I am under 16?

No. Ontario law requires you to be at least 16 years old to hold a learner's permit. If you are younger, you will need to wait until your 16th birthday to explore.

What if I fail the written test?

You can retake it after a waiting period, usually a few days. Each attempt costs the same fee. Most ServiceOntario offices will let you book your next test date before you leave, so you do not have to call back.

Can my supervising driver be anyone with a license, or does it have to be a parent?

Your supervising driver can be anyone who holds a valid Ontario driver's license (G, G2, or equivalent from another province). It does not have to be a parent or family member. They just need to be at least 16 years old and seated in the front passenger seat.

What happens if I get caught driving alone with my G1?

Driving without a supervising driver while on a G1 is a traffic violation. You can receive a fine and demerit points on your record. It also puts your license at risk of suspension, so it is important to follow this rule every time you drive.

Can I renew my G1 if it expires before I pass my G2 test?

No. If your G1 expires, you must reapply from the beginning: take the written test again, pay the fee, and start a new five-year permit. This is why it is important to pass your G2 test before your five years are up.