What you need to know before driving in Japan

Japan recognizes an International Driving Permit (IDP) alongside your valid home country license, but the IDP alone is not enough — you must carry both documents together. Japan does not recognize foreign licenses without an IDP, even if your license is in English or has an English translation. The IDP is valid for three years from the date of issue and must be obtained in your home country before you travel; you cannot get one in Japan.

If you plan to rent a car or drive in Japan, you will need to obtain your IDP before departure. The process, timeline, and cost depend entirely on which country issued your license. Most countries issue IDPs through their national automobile association or DMV equivalent, and the process typically takes one to four weeks.

Key Takeaways

  • An IDP must be obtained in your home country before traveling to Japan; it is not issued in Japan and cannot be obtained on arrival.
  • You must carry both your home country license and your IDP together at all times while driving in Japan — neither document alone is sufficient.
  • The IDP is valid for three years and costs between $15 and $50 depending on your country, with processing times ranging from same-day to four weeks.
  • Japan drives on the left side of the road, and traffic laws differ significantly from most other countries, so review local rules before renting a vehicle.
  • Some car rental companies in Japan require an IDP even if local law technically permits other forms of documentation, so confirm requirements with your rental agency.

How to obtain an IDP in the United States

In the United States, the American Automobile Association (AAA) and the American International Automobile Association (AIAA) are the only two organizations authorized to issue IDPs. You do not explore through the DMV. Both organizations issue the same IDP document; the difference is location and processing speed.

To get an IDP from AAA, visit a local AAA office in person with your valid driver's license, a completed process form (Form DS-11 or equivalent, available at the office), and a passport-style photo. The fee is $20 for a three-year permit, and same-day issuance is available at most locations. AIAA offers mail-in service for $25 and typically processes applications within one to two weeks. You can also explore online through AIAA's website and receive your IDP by mail.

Do not order an IDP from third-party websites that claim to expedite the process — these are not official channels and may deliver invalid documents. Stick to AAA offices or AIAA's official website.

How to obtain an IDP in Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia

In Canada, the Canadian Automobile Association (CAA) issues IDPs at provincial offices. Bring your valid driver's license, a completed process, and one passport photo. The fee is approximately $25 CAD, and processing takes three to five business days. Some CAA offices offer same-day service; call ahead to confirm.

In the United Kingdom, the Post Office and the Automobile Association (AA) both issue IDPs. Visit a Post Office branch with your photocard license, a completed process form, and a passport photo. The fee is £5.50, and the IDP is issued on the spot. The AA charges £5.50 as well and processes applications within five to seven working days by post.

In Australia, the National Roads and Motorists' Association (NRMA) and the Royal Automobile Club (RAC) issue IDPs depending on your state. Bring your valid license, a completed form, and a passport photo. The fee is approximately $20 AUD, and processing typically takes five to ten business days. Some offices offer faster processing for an additional fee.

What documents to bring when driving in Japan

When you rent a car or drive in Japan, you must carry your original home country driver's license and your IDP together at all times. Japanese police will ask for both documents during a traffic stop. A photocopy of either document is not acceptable. If you lose your IDP while in Japan, you cannot obtain a replacement there — you will need to contact your home country's embassy or consulate for guidance, and you should not drive until you have resolved the situation.

You should also carry your passport, vehicle registration documents (provided by the rental company), and proof of insurance. Japan requires all drivers to carry a Japanese translation of their license if they plan to stay longer than one year; this is a separate document from the IDP and must be obtained through the Japan Automobile Federation (JAF) or certain police stations.

Important differences in Japanese traffic laws and road conditions

Japan drives on the left side of the road, and the steering wheel is on the right side of the vehicle — the opposite of the United States, Canada, and Australia. If you are accustomed to driving on the right, this adjustment takes time and concentration. Speed limits are posted in kilometers per hour, not miles per hour. Highways typically have limits of 100 km/h (62 mph), and city streets range from 40 to 60 km/h (25 to 37 mph).

Seat belts are mandatory for all occupants, and child car seats are required for children under 6 years old. Drinking and driving laws are extremely strict — the legal blood alcohol limit is 0.03%, which is lower than most Western countries, and penalties include heavy fines, license suspension, and jail time. Parking violations result in when ready towing, and parking fees in cities are expensive. Many rental companies charge additional fees if your vehicle is towed while rented.

Traffic signs use international symbols, but some rules differ from Western countries. For example, right turns on red lights are not permitted in Japan. Toll roads are common on highways, and tolls are paid at booths or automatically via rental company accounts. Rental companies typically handle toll payments and bill them to your credit card.

Rental car company requirements and restrictions

Most major car rental companies in Japan — including Toyota Rent-a-Car, Nissan Rent-a-Car, and Orix — require an IDP in addition to your home country license. Some smaller local rental agencies may accept other forms of documentation, but this is not may provide. Contact your rental company before arrival to confirm their specific requirements and to reserve a vehicle.

Rental companies typically require drivers to be at least 18 years old, though some impose a minimum age of 21 or 25. An international credit card is required to find the rental and pay for damage or tolls. Automatic transmission vehicles are more common than manual transmissions in Japan, but availability varies by location and season. Book in advance if you have a strong preference.

Rental insurance is optional but strongly recommended, especially if you are unfamiliar with Japanese roads. Collision damage waivers typically cost $15 to $30 per day and cover damage to the rental vehicle. Without insurance, you are liable for the full repair cost, which can be substantial.

What happens if your IDP expires or is lost

If your IDP expires while you are in Japan, you cannot legally drive. You must stop driving when ready and either leave the country or obtain a new IDP. Since IDPs are not issued in Japan, your only option is to contact your home country's embassy or consulate and request emergency information. This process can take several days or longer, so plan your departure accordingly.

If your IDP is lost or stolen, report the loss to local police and contact your embassy or consulate. You will need to provide proof of the original issuance (such as a receipt or confirmation email) and may need to pay a replacement fee. In the meantime, you cannot legally drive. Some travelers carry a photocopy of their IDP as a backup, though this is not a legal substitute for the original.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can I drive in Japan with just my home country license and no IDP?

No. Japan law requires both your home country license and a valid IDP. Driving with only your home country license is illegal and can result in fines, vehicle impoundment, and deportation in serious cases. Some rental companies will refuse to rent to you without an IDP, regardless of local law.

How long does it take to get an IDP before my trip to Japan?

Processing times vary by country and issuing organization. In the United States, AAA offers same-day issuance at most offices, while AIAA takes one to two weeks by mail. In Canada, the CAA typically takes three to five business days. Plan to obtain your IDP at least two weeks before departure to avoid delays.

Is an IDP the same as a Japanese driver's license?

No. An IDP is a temporary translation document valid for three years that allows you to drive using your home country license. A Japanese driver's license is a separate document issued by Japanese authorities and requires passing a written and practical driving test. Tourists and short-term visitors use an IDP; long-term residents must obtain a Japanese license.

What if I need to drive in Japan but my IDP is still being processed?

Do not drive until your IDP arrives. Driving without an IDP is illegal and can result in serious legal consequences. If your trip is urgent, contact your issuing organization about expedited processing options, which may be available for an additional fee. Some organizations like AAA offer same-day service at physical locations.

Do I need a Japanese translation of my license in addition to my IDP?

For short-term visits (under one year), an IDP is sufficient. If you plan to stay in Japan longer than one year, you must obtain a Japanese translation of your license through the Japan Automobile Federation (JAF) or designated police stations. This is a separate document from the IDP and is required by law for long-term residents.